natural phenomena that can kill people, cause fires and equipment damage electronics, lightning always been a condition for the population. Villains in several tragedies, the rays can cause many headaches if you do not observe some safety measures.
blackouts, fires, deaths, injuries. Just rain and bad news comes. Large urban centers are the main areas affected, as studies indicate that air pollution and heat islands contribute to the occurrence of lightning.
A simple description of a beam can be classified as a short circuit between a cloud and the earth, a phenomenon of random and unpredictable nature that occurs when the energy stored in a cloud reaches a critical value and break the rigidity air dielectric.
Fortunately, these events are studied for a long time and prevention measures are in a well advanced. The installation of a lightning rod, technically called System Lightning Protection (SPDA) is the best way to protect a building and people are inside.
Keys to a good draft Protection System Lightning
• down drivers are distributed along the perimeter of the building, according to the level of protection, in preference to the main corners.
• In buildings over 20 meters high, drivers of runs between two horizontal rings intermediaries must have the same size as the drivers of recruitment, due to the presence of side discharges.
• To minimize cosmetic damage on the walls and the levels of the terraces, you can use flat copper conductors.
• A grounding grid should be made with bare copper strands of # 50 mm ² to 0.5 m depth in the soil, interconnecting all the downhills.
• grounding electrodes must have a type Copperweld high layer (254 microns). The lower electrode layer are not allowed.
• buried connections must be exothermic welded preference. If drowning were used connectors must be installed to inspect only a box for protection and maintenance of the connector.
• The equalization of powers must be executed at the ground level and at every 20 meters, which are interconnected all grounding nets, as well as all metallic pen, in addition to the building structure.
• The gas pipes with cathodic protection can not be linked directly. In this If you must install a DPS type scintillator.
• Remember that copper is the best conductor of energy and has a key role in installing lightning rods to protect the assets of his life.
Myths and
"Lightning does not strike twice in the same place." How often have we heard that! Well you know is a lie! It is proved that lightning can fall more than once in one place.
Other popular beliefs help people to have doubts about this matter and continue to take their chances. One of the most common is to think which are protected by the arrester neighbor. Big mistake.
There is confusion even greater. Many believe that can attract lightning arrester their buildings, lest they refuse to install. In fact, the rod is a sure way to drive the energy generated by lightning to the ground.
Another common question is whether or not lightning protect electronic equipment. To this must be used an electrical grounding (ground wire) and suppressor of outbreaks. The entire system must be equipotential grounding.
Copper
lightning protection systems against lightning (SPDA), popularly known lightning rods are vital equipment for the structural safety of buildings and also acts indirectly in the protection of individuals.
This protection is regulated by technical standards, among other things, is concerned with the quality of materials used in an installation. These rules also prohibit electrolytically galvanized ferrous metal.
In aggressive cases, the rules require the use of noble metals, discarding the use of aluminum and ferrous components. Copper, being more durable and susceptible to moisture, conquered the professionals and they have become the most common material used in these applications.
Copper is the metal most suitable in the SPDA, it is easy to install and efficient in protecting against lightning, without suffering the effects of time. This ensures continuity in the conduct of the beam.
Lightning A lightning rod is an instrument whose purpose is to attract and channel lightning electrical discharge to earth, so as not to cause damage to buildings or people. This contraption was invented in 1753 by Benjamin Franklin while performing a series of experiments on the property that have sharp points, placed in contact with the ground, discharging electrified bodies located in the area.
This first lightning is known as "Parrarrayos Franklin" in honor of its inventor. Lightning
Franklin
In 1747 B. Franklin began his experiments on electricity. He advanced a tenable theory of the Leyden jar, supported the hypothesis that lightning is an electrical phenomenon and proposed an effective method to prove it. His theory was published in London and carried out in England and France before he himself performed his famous kite experiment in 1752. He invented the lightning rod and introduced the so-called one-fluid theory to explain the two types of atmospheric electricity, the positive and negative.
arresters are composed of an iron bar topped by a copper-tipped platinum or placed at the top of the building they protect. The bar is attached, via a lead wire to ground (the grounding conductor is the extension of which branches into the ground or buried also conducting plates or a tube immersed in water from a well). In principle, the radius of the protection zone of a lightning rod is equal to its height from the ground and prevent damage that can cause a lightning strike on other elements such as buildings, trees or people.
simple tips Franklin Lightning (PSF)
Let us consider some basic principles.
1. basic characteristics. Electrodes are steel or similar material finished in one or more points, called Punta Franklin simple, do not have any electronic device or radioactive source. Its measurement varies depending on the model of every manufacturer, some manufacturers place a metal near the tip to produce a capacitor effect.
2. Its working principle . During the storm generated high voltage electric field between cloud and ground (1). The charges focus on tips from more predominant magnitude of the electric field (2). Around the tip or electrode appears natural ionization or corona, the result of energy transfer. This phenomenon is the beginning of excitement to draw a conducting channel that facilitates the download of the lightning phenomenon (Leader).
Depending on the transfer or charge exchange, can be seen at the tip of the rod, as tiny sparks of light, fried audible noise, radio frequency, vibration driver, ozone and other compounds (corona 3). This phenomenon started a series of electronic avalanche effect by the field, an electron ionizes an atom to produce a second electron, the turn along with the original electron can ionize other atoms thus producing an avalanche increases exponentially. Collisions not resulting in a new excite electron resulting in the luminous phenomenon. From that moment, the air changes characteristics to limit its gaseous dielectric breakdown (plotter or ionized channel) (4). Lightning is the result of saturation of charges between cloud and ground, is responsible for transfer in a moment, part of the accumulated energy, the process can be repeated several times.
3. The aim of these lightning-ray attracts is to protect the facilities from the direct impact of the beam, loading and capturing exciting its potential impact to drive high voltage to the electrical ground.
cases are known in which part of the arrester has disappeared because of the impact, which surpassed 200,000 Amps. Some studies show that these devices are not effective. Lightning
with streamer device (PDC)
Let us consider some basic principles.
basic features. Electrodes consist of steel or similar material finished in a point. Incorporate an electronic system that generates a theoretical breakthrough of the tracer, while others incorporate a piezoelectric system that produces a similar effect. The two systems are characterized by ahead in time to catch the lightning, which occurs when the load of the electronic excitation (primer). The measurements of the heads vary depending on the model of each manufacturer. Not incorporate any radioactive source. Note that in Spain are called "PDC" in France "PDA" and USA "ESE".
The operating principle remains the same as the Franklin type lightning rod, the technology gap of these teams is in the electronic system, which uses the electrical influence of the increase in potential between the cloud and the ground for self-supplied primer . Are electronic components that are normally housed inside a metal container and placed at the point nearest the lightning rod and serves to excite the avalanche of electrons (ionization). The excitation beam ionizing the air is effected by repetitive pulses. According to gradually increase the potential difference between lightning and the cloud appears natural or effect ionization leader. Mini downloads are emerging from the tip with more intensity to ionize the air further, this phenomenon is the beginning of excitation to trace an intermittent conductive path that will facilitate the discharge of lightning phenomena.
The electronic set (primer) is within the direct influence thermal effects, electrodynamic and electromagnetic generating lightning strike during discharge. Depending on the intensity of lightning discharge, destruction of the electronic device is irreversible. Since that time, the effectiveness of PDC is not guaranteed. Lightning
advanced
Currently protecting electrical circuits (power lines, overhead, etc. ..) including relief devices should not be confused with lightning. Its role is grounded tensions caused by lightning, in a more efficient than simple grounded by a wire with little resistance.
These devices are currently used in two types: Variable Resistance and Zinc Oxide. The first associate a series of arcing and a non-linear resistors (varistors) able to limit the current after the passage of the shock wave. They are characterized by extinction voltage higher-frequency under which the arrester can unprimed spontaneously. The latter are formed only by varistors and replace the increasingly earlier, as its main feature is the nonlinearity of ZnO varistors, which provide the resistance Mohms pass about 1.5 to 15 Ohms between the voltage and Nominal discharge voltage.
The combination of a Franklin lightning rods and one of these devices can be an effective lightning protection, if it is to attract and download.
CTS Lightning Lightning
CTS.Las type arrester technologies to nullify the impact of lightning on structures. completemtaria information on lightning arrester
CTS (Charge Transfer System). Based its debut in the deionization of the air. The aim is to avoid the saturation of electrostatic charge between the earthing system and the atmosphere around us, specifically compensate peacefully electrical potential difference the area during the first process of the formation of lightning.
• You stand out as spherical
• They are installed at the top of the installation and grounded.
During the appearance on earth in the process of electrostatic charging of the phenomenon of lightning, the lightning rod facilitates the transfer of power to the ground and into a small leakage current flowing through the ground wire to the ground. The resulting electrical value can register with a current clamp earth leakage. The maximum value of reading in a storm does not exceed 300 Mili-amps and is proportional to electric load-Air during the storm. Arresters installed in accordance with current regulations and a summary of 4 basic elements:
1. Grounding with a resistance less than 10 ohms.
2. The bonding mass.
3. The mast and lead wire that connects the earth with the air head.
4. The lightning rod (air electrode sensor). Basic Features
. It is characterized by facilitating the transfer of electrostatic charge between cloud and ground before the second process of forming the beam, reversing the phenomenon of ionization or corona on earth.
The head consists of lightning two aluminum electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric. This is supported by a small stainless steel mast. Its shape is spherical and the system is connected in series between the electrical ground and the surrounding atmosphere. During the storm generates a high voltage field on land that is proportional to the charge of the cloud and the ground separation.
From a natural electric field magnitude on land, the land equipotential installation of lightning rods, facilitates the transfer of charges by the electric cable. These charges, regardless of their polarity, are concentrated in the lower electrode is connected arrester to the ground by the power cable and located at the top of the plant.
The resistance of the lower electrode of the arrester at the highest point of the installation, facilitates the uptake of opposite charges on the top electrode. During this energy transfer process occurs internally in the rod a small current flow between the anode and cathode. The resulting effect creates a leakage current, which is derived from the electrical grounding of the facility and is proportional to the charge of the cloud. During the peak of the storm can register transfer maximum values \u200b\u200bof 300 milliamps for cable installation arrester. The electrostatic charge of installation earth is gradually offset by increases the potential difference between cloud and ground, neutralizing the impact point on land at 100% of cases (plotter or Leader). The scanning head of the arrester does not incorporate any radioactive source. The effect of constantly dissipate high voltage electric field in the protection zone ensures that the ambient air does not exceed the breakdown voltage to avoid possible sparks, fried audible noise, radio frequency, vibrations of the conductor and lightning strikes.
The objective of the entire system, is designed as a protection system against lightning (LPS) where the main reason is to prevent the formation and discharge of lightning in the area of \u200b\u200bprotection. The system is effective in 100% of cases.
